With the improvement of the overall standard of living in recent years, people’s dietary structure and living habits have undergone a major change, the excessive intake of sweet and fatty foods, fried foods, and often do not eat on time and other factors will affect the body’s metabolism, thereby increasing the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. This disease is a common disease in clinical endocrinology, although the prevalence rate is relatively high, but most people have less understanding of the disease, when the disease occurs, how to give the correct treatment and daily intervention, the disease of the relevant precautions include what, we briefly introduced.
What is diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine metabolic disease with a high prevalence. It is caused by environmental factors, dietary factors, lifestyle habits and genetic factors, which lead to abnormalities in pancreatic islet function and a decrease in insulin secretion, resulting in an increase in blood glucose levels in the body. At present, according to the different causative factors, this disease is clinically categorized into four main types, namely gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and other special types of diabetes.
What are the typical symptoms of diabetes?
Increased urination. Increased blood glucose levels in the body cause greater urinary sugar excretion, which in turn induces osmotic diuresis, leading to greater urinary excretion, as well as greater urination at night.
Increased eating. Urine is the main pathway for glucose to be excreted from the body, and with increased urination, the amount of glucose in the body decreases, and the energy in the body decreases, which in turn causes the patient to become extremely hungry, leading to more eating.
Increased water intake. Increased urination reduces the amount of water in the body, which in turn causes the patient to feel thirsty easily, leading to an increase in the amount of water consumed.
Weight loss. The body is low on energy for a long period of time and the increase in urination causes the body to be in a dehydrated state, which in turn causes weight loss.
Blurred vision. The early stages of the disease are affected by unstable blood glucose levels, which can change the osmotic pressure between the lens and the aqueous humor in the eye, leading to changes in the refractive error of the eye, which has an impact on the clarity of vision. Failure to control blood glucose levels in a timely manner can lead to a sustained increase in lesions, triggering retinopathy and irreversible effects on vision.
How to prevent diabetes?
- Healthy diet. Unhealthy eating habits are at the top of the list of major risk factors for the development of the disease. As the name suggests, the disease is triggered by people consuming a lot of high sugar foods. Therefore, in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases, it is crucial to eat a healthy and reasonable diet and control your weight range. It is vital to eat small meals with nutritional rationing, consume more fresh vegetables and fruits, and reduce the intake of high-sugar and high-oil foods. It is also important to eat sensibly and not overeat or consume too many high sugar foods in a short period of time. Slow down the speed of eating, taste the food carefully and chew slowly to prevent damage to the pancreas due to eating too fast, which in turn affects the body’s endocrine level. Especially for groups with a family history of the disease, the importance of scientific diet should be strengthened and blood glucose monitoring should be done.
- Adopt healthy living habits. Relevant studies show that people who sleep more than seven hours a day are significantly less likely to suffer from the disease than those who sleep less than six hours a day. Adequate sleep improves the body’s immunity, so quality sleep is vital if you want to prevent the disease from occurring. However, it is not true that the longer you sleep, the better, and sleeping more than nine hours a day is also detrimental to the health of the organism.
- Scientific exercise. Scientific exercise can make people’s physical quality improve, according to their own preferences and physical state to choose suitable for their own way of exercise, including running, swimming, playing ball games, etc., adhere to three times a week and more than aerobic exercise, each exercise time should be more than half an hour. For the working environment need to sit for a long time groups, every hour sitting can get up to carry out appropriate activities, which also has a very important effect on the prevention of disease.
- Good weight management. Epidemiologic studies have shown that, compared with people with normal weight, obese people have a higher risk of developing the disease. Therefore, good weight management has a positive effect on the prevention of the disease.
- Regular medical checkups. Regular physical examination, monitoring their own blood glucose, blood lipid levels, once the abnormalities need to be continuously monitored, the results are higher than normal, need to go to the hospital in a timely manner, so that early detection and early diagnosis and early treatment, so as to avoid exacerbation of the condition and increase the difficulty of control.
How do people with diabetes care for themselves?
- Diet control. Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong disease, and there is no clinical solution to cure it completely. Therefore, patients need to control their diet for a long time, change their daily diet structure, eat more meals in less time, know the calories and components of different foods, know the nutrients they need to consume every day, control the daily intake of carbohydrates, reduce the intake of sugar, and choose fruits such as oranges, bananas, kiwi, grapefruit, peaches and other fruits with lower sugar content. Increase the intake of vegetables, replenish minerals and vitamins, and increase the variety of vegetables consumed daily. Spinach, cabbage, broccoli, eggplant, bitter melon, winter melon, cucumber and other vegetables are suitable vegetables to choose. Patients and their families should understand the importance of diet to the disease and actively manage their diet.
- Compliance with medication. The patient should strictly follow the medication, not change the medication without authorization, cut the dosage of medication, and understand the possible adverse reactions caused by the medication, including drug rash and gastrointestinal discomfort. For patients who need to inject insulin, they should control the dose of insulin well, and the site of drug injection should be correct, and they should always have cookies, sugar cubes and other fast-glycemic food around. Once hypoglycemia occurs, it can be relieved in time. When patients learn insulin injection for the first time, they should complete it under the guidance of healthcare personnel and make sure they will completely master the injection mode and method before allowing themselves to inject.
- Prevention of infection. The disease will cause the body’s immunity to decrease, which will increase the risk of infection. Therefore, patients should add more clothes in time when the weather turns cooler, do a good job of protection, and reduce the number of people in crowded places to reduce the risk of infection. Once a patient develops fever or upper respiratory tract infection, he or she should seek prompt medical attention to control the disease and reduce the risk of complications.
- Strengthen self-monitoring. Observe daily urination, food intake and water intake, and record changes in body weight. In case of hypoglycemic reactions such as profuse sweating, panic, dizziness, etc., blood glucose monitoring should be carried out in a timely manner, and food with higher sugar content should be given for intake.
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing and the group is getting younger, therefore, in order to reduce the risk of the disease, it is important to do a good job of preventing the disease.